World War I led to disaster for the Ottoman Caliph. British armed forces had seized Baghdad and Jerusalem during the war and most of the Caliphate will be distributed to the European powers.
In the San Remo Conference in April 1920, France has been given a mandate over Syria and the United Kingdom have been given a mandate over Palestine and Mesopotamia. On August 10, 1920, representatives of Muhammad signed the Treaty of Sevres, which recognized that mandate, giving up control over Anatolia and the Ottoman Izmir, Turkey eliminates expansion, and recognize the Hejaz as an independent state.
Group of Turkish nationalists (who backed the West) with the consent of the Sultan of earlier settlements. A new government, the Turkish Grand National Assembly, led by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk was formed in April 1920, based in Ankara. On 23 April, the government of Muhammad abolished and a temporary constitution was passed.
Nationalist groups succeeded in eliminating the power of the caliph on November 1, 1922 and Muhammad Wahidin leave Istanbul, up the British warship on November 17 to Malta. He lived in the Italian Riviera and died on May 15, 1926 in San Remo, Italy. On 19 November 1922 his cousin, Abdul Majid II, was appointed as a caliph.